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适用范围：<p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">The ESC Process</span>8212;</span>This practice describes a process for characterizing ground-water contamination at sites, that provides cost-effective, timely, high-quality information derived primarily from judgement-based sampling and measurements by an integrated, multidisciplinary project team during a limited number of field mobilizations. (See Appendix X1 for additional background on the ESC process, its distinction from traditional site characterization, and its relationship to other approaches to site characterization and Appendix X6 and Appendix X7 for illustrative examples of the ESC process.)</p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">Determining Appropriateness of ESC</span>8212;</span>The ESC process should be initiated when an ESC client, regulatory authority, and stakeholders determine that contaminants at a site present a potential threat to human health or the environment and the ESC process will identify vadose zone, ground water, and other contaminant migration pathways in a timely and cost-effective manner, especially when decisions concerning remedial or other action must be made as rapidly as possible. Situations where the process may be applicable are as follows:</p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">CERCLA</span>8212;</span>CERCLA remedial investigation/feasibility studies (RI/FS). (See Appendix X2.) This practice should be used in conjunction with U.S. EPA <span class="bold">(37)</span></p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">RCRA</span>8212;</span>RCRA facility investigation/corrective measures studies (RFI/CMS). (See Appendix X2.) </p> <p class="desc" id="N00004"> <span class="smallcap">Note</span> 48212;The ESC process can be continued to include CERCLA feasibility studies and RCRA corrective measures studies (see Section 12), but this practice focuses on its use for site characterization. Section X1.4.5 describes the relationship of the ESC process to the DOE SAFER and EPA SACM programs for accelerating the cleanup of contaminated sites. </p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">ESA</span>8212;</span>Sites where environmental site assessments (ESAs) conducted by using Practice <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E1527-HTML">E1527</a>, Practice <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E1528-HTML">E1528</a>, and Guide <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E1903-HTML">E1903</a> identify levels of contamination requiring further, more intensive characterization of the geologic and hydrologic system of contaminant migration pathways. Section X1.5.3 discusses the relationship between ESAs and the ESC process.</p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">Petroleum Release Sites</span>8212;</span>Large petroleum release sites, such as refineries. The user should review both this practice and Guide <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E1912-HTML">E1912</a> to evaluate whether the ESC or ASC process is more appropriate for such sites.</p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">Subsurface Radioactivity</span>8212;</span>Sites or facilities with subsurface contamination by radioactivity not regulated by RCRA or CERCLA.</p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">Defense Department Base Closure Actions</span>8212;</span>where vadose zone and ground water contamination are present.</p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">Other Subsurface Contamination</span>8212;</span>Other sites or facilities where contaminant migration in the vadose zone and ground water is a matter of concern and heterogeneity of the vadose zone and ground water system or potential complex behavior of contaminants requires use of the ESC process. </p> <p><span class="italic"><span class="italic">Defining Objectives and Data Quality Requirements</span>8212;</s......<p id......