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适用范围：<p>Standard practices for measuring the economic performance of investments in buildings and building systems have been published by ASTM. A computer program that produces economic measures consistent with these practices is available. The computer program is described in Appendix X3. Discount Factor Tables has been published by ASTM to facilitate computing measures of economic performance for most of the practices.</p> <p>Investments in long-lived projects, such as the erection of new constructed facilities or additions and alterations to existing constructed facilities, are characterized by uncertainties regarding project life, operation and maintenance costs, revenues, and other factors that affect project economics. Since future values of these variable factors are generally unknown, it is difficult to make reliable economic evaluations.</p> <p>The traditional approach to uncertainty in project investment analysis is to apply economic methods of project evaluation to best-guess estimates of project input variables, as if they were certain estimates, and then to present results in a single-value, deterministic fashion. When projects are evaluated without regard to uncertainty of inputs to the analysis, decision makers may have insufficient information to measure and evaluate the financial risk of investing in a project having a different outcome from what is expected.</p> <p>To make reliable economic evaluations, treatment of uncertainty and risk is particularly important for projects affected by natural and man-made hazards that occur infrequently, but have significant consequences.</p> <p>Following this guide when performing an economic evaluation assures the user that relevant economic information, including information regarding uncertain input variables, is considered for projects affected by natural and man-made hazards.</p> <p>Use this guide in the project initiation and planning phases of the project delivery process. Consideration of alternative combinations of risk mitigation strategies early in the project delivery process allows both greater flexibility in addressing specific hazards and lower costs associated with their implementation.</p> <p>Use this guide for economic evaluations based on Practices <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E917-HTML">E917</a> (life-cycle costs), <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E964-HTML">E964</a> (benefit-to-cost and savings-to-investment ratios), <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E1057-HTML">E1057</a> (internal rate of return and adjusted internal rate of return), <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E1074-HTML">E1074</a> (net benefits and net savings), and <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E1765-HTML">E1765</a> (analytical hierarchy process for multiattribute decision analysis).</p> <p>Use this guide in conjunction with Guide <a href="http://myastm.astm.org/SUBSCRIPTION/NewValidateSubscription.cgi?E2204-HTML">E2204</a> to summarize the results of economic evaluations involving natural and man-made hazards.</p><p id="s00002">1.1 This guide describes a generic framework for developing a cost-effective risk mitigation plan for new and existing constructed facilities<char: emdash>buildings, industrial facilities, and other critical infrastructure. This guide provides owners and managers of constructed facilities, architects, engineers, constructors, other providers of professional services for constructed facilities, and researchers an approach for formulating and evaluating combinations of risk mitigation strategies.</p> <p id="s00003">1.2 This guide insures that the combinations of mitigation strategies are formulated so that they can be rigorously analyzed with economic tools. Economic tools include evaluation methods, standards that support and guide the application of those metho......