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适用范围：<p>1.1 This practice provides ergonomic design criteria from a human-machine perspective for the design and construction of maritime vessels and structures and for equipments, systems, and subsystems contained therein, including vendor-purchased hardware and software.</p><p>1.1.1 The focus of these design criteria is on the design and evaluation of human-machine interfaces, including the interfaces between humans on the one side and controls and displays, physical environments, structures, consoles, panels and workstations, layout and arrangement of ship spaces, maintenance workplaces, labels and signage, alarms, computer screens, material handling, valves, and other specific equipments on the other.</p><p>1.2 The criteria contained within this practice shall be applied to the design and construction of all hardware and software within a ship or maritime structure that the human crew members come in contact in any manner for operation, habitability, and maintenance purposes.</p><p>1.3 Unless otherwise stated in specific provisions of a ship or maritime structure design contract or specification, this practice is to be used to design maritime vessels, structures, equipment, systems, and subsystems to fit the full potential user population range of 5th % females to 95th % males.</p><p>1.4 This practice is divided into the following sections and subsections:</p><p><table width=95%><TR><TD><b>TABLE OF CONTENTS</b></TD></TR><TR><TD><b>Section and Subsections</b></TD><TD><b>Title</b></TD></TR><TR><TD>1</TD><TD>Scope</TD></TR><TR><TD>2</TD><TD>Referenced Documents</TD></TR><TR><TD>3</TD><TD>Terminology</TD></TR><TR><TD>4</TD><TD>Significance and Use</TD></TR><TR><TD>5</TD><TD>Controls</TD></TR><TR><TD>5.1</TD><TD>Principles of Control Design</TD></TR><TR><TD>5.2</TD><TD>General Design Guidelines</TD></TR><TR><TD>5.3</TD><TD>Control Movement</TD></TR><TR><TD>5.4</TD><TD>Control Spacing</TD></TR><TR><TD>5.5</TD><TD>Coding of Controls</TD></TR><TR><TD>5.6</TD><TD>Control Use and Design</TD></TR><TR><TD>6</TD><TD>Displays</TD></TR><TR><TD>6.1</TD><TD>Visual Displays</TD></TR><TR><TD>6.2</TD><TD>Location, Orientation, Lighting, and Arrangement of Displays</TD></TR><TR><TD>6.3</TD><TD>Display Illumination</TD></TR><TR><TD>6.4</TD><TD>Display Types</TD></TR><TR><TD>6.5</TD><TD>Audible Displays</TD></TR><TR><TD>7</TD><TD>Alarms</TD></TR><TR><TD>7.1</TD><TD>General Alarm Requirements</TD></TR><TR><TD>7.2</TD><TD>Visual Alarms</TD></TR><TR><TD>7.3</TD><TD>Audible Alarms</TD></TR><TR><TD>7.4</TD><TD>Voice Messages</TD></TR><TR><TD>7.5</TD><TD>Alarm Initiation Stations</TD></TR><TR><TD>7.6</TD><TD>Alarm Requirements by IMO</TD></TR><TR><TD>8</TD><TD>Integration of Controls, Displays, and Alarms</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.1</TD><TD>Principles of Design</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.2</TD><TD>Grouping Relationships-Principles of Arrangement</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.3</TD><TD>Separating Groupings</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.4</TD><TD>Position Relationships of Displays and Alarms</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.5</TD><TD>Position Relationships of Controls to Associated Displays and Alarms</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.6</TD><TD>Control and Display Movement Relationships</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.7</TD><TD>Spatial Relationship Between Controls, Displays, and Equipment</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.8</TD><TD>Alternative Approach to Grouping Design</TD></TR><TR><TD>8.9</TD><TD>Special Requirements for Control and Display Integration on Bridges</TD></TR><TR><TD>9</TD><TD>Anthropometry</TD></TR><TR><TD>9.1</TD><TD>General Design Requirements</TD></TR><TR><TD>9.2</TD><TD>Static Anthropometric Data</TD></TR><TR><TD>10</TD><TD>Workplace Arrangements</TD></TR><TR><TD>10.1</TD><TD>Basic Principles of Workplace Design</TD></TR><TR><TD>10.2</TD><TD>Seated Workstation</TD></TR><TR><TD>10.3</TD><TD>Standing Workstation</TD></TR><TR><TD>10.4</TD><TD>Kneeling Workstation</TD></TR><TR><TD>10.5</TD><TD>Squatting Workstation</TD></TR><TR><TD>10.6</TD><TD>Shelving</TD></TR><TR><TD>10.7</TD><TD>Status Boards and File Cabinets</TD></TR......